Bölüm anahatları

  • source= THE MEDITERRANEAN IN HISTORY (compiled by D.ABULAFIA, 2003):

    Chapter Seven:“Resurgent Islam 1500-1700” written by Molly Greene, Princeton University:

    The Ottoman Mediterranean: In the spring of 1451 Sultan Mehmet began work on a new fortress on the European side of the Bosphorus (Bayezit I had already built the fortress on the Asian side, Anadolu Hisarı, in 1393). He selected a spot overlooking the narrowest part of water-way and called it, appropriately, “Boghaz-kesen (“the cutter of the strait” or “the cutter of the throat”)”. It is known to us today as Rumeli Hisar.

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    source=(extracted from)=  “THE AGE OF ATTILA” (published in 1960, written by C.D.GORDON)

    Although most of the Barbarians were of Teutonic origin, potentially the greatest menace to East and West alike came from the Huns, particularly they were firmly united under the rule of Attila (445-53).  The chief threat to the Roman Empire came from the Huns. For 8 years after his accession to power Attila was occupied in building his empire in the northern lands, in reducing the Ostrogoths and Gepids to positions of subservience or alliance, and in attacking the Persian Empire.

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    source=(extracted from)= Henry H. CUMMING, Franco-British Rivalry in the Post-War Near East: The Decline of French Influence

    SAN REMO AND THE TREATY OF SEVRES (1920)

    Despite months of deliberation, the Allies were unable to dispose of the Turkish question, as well as the allocation of the mandates, at Paris in 1919. Raymond Poincaré, the President of the French Republic, and his Prime Minister, Benjamin Clemenceau (as well as the British Prime Minister, Lloyd George, and his foreign secretaries, Lord Balfour and his successor Lord Curzon) saw that the Turks had realised that the Allies were not very solidly united on the Turkish question.