Bölüm anahatları
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What is speaking?
Importance of speaking skill -
Principles for teaching speaking
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The grammar of the spoken language
Lexical properties of the spoken language
The effects of processing constraints on the quality of speech -
Aspects of speech production
The effects of speech planning on L2 production -
Conceptualization and formulation
Articulation
Self-monitoring and repair
Automaticity -
Automaticity
Fluency
Managing talk
- Interaction
- Turn-taking
Paralinguistics -
Extralinguistic knowledge
- Sociocultural knowledge
Linguistic knowledge
- Genre knowledge
- Discourse knowledge
Pragmatic knowledge -
Linguistic knowledge
- Grammar
- Vocabulary
- Phonology
Speech conditions -
- Conversational routines
- Styles of speaking
- Functions of speaking -
- Teaching talk as interaction
- Teaching talk as transaction
- Teaching talk as performance -
Evaluating performance on speaking activities
