Konu özeti
Introduction
What is speaking?
Importance of speaking skillBailey, K. M. (2003). Speaking. In Nunan, D. (Ed.), Practical English Language Teaching. McGraw Hill.
Roach, P. (2010). English Phonetics and Phonology Fourth Edition: A Practical Course. Ernst Klett Sprachen.
Background to teaching speaking
Principles for teaching speaking
Bailey, K. M. (2003). Speaking. In Nunan, D. (Ed.), Practical English Language Teaching. McGraw Hill.
Characteristics of the spoken language
The grammar of the spoken language
Lexical properties of the spoken language
The effects of processing constraints on the quality of speechCzwenar, I. (2011). Ways to Proficiency in Spoken English as a Foreign Language-Tracing Individual Development. In Pawlak, M., Waniek-Klimczak, E. & Majer, J. (Eds.), Speaking and Instructed Foreign Language Acquisition. Multilingual Matters.
Speech production
Aspects of speech production
The effects of speech planning on L2 productionMystkowska-Wiertelak, A. (2011). Task Repetition as a way of Enhancing Oral Communication in a Foreign Language. In Pawlak, M., Waniek-Klimczak, E. & Majer, J. (Eds.), Speaking and Instructed Foreign Language Acquisition. Multilingual Matters.
What speakers do?
Conceptualization and formulation
Articulation
Self-monitoring and repair
AutomaticityThornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Longman.
What speakers do?
Automaticity
Fluency
Managing talk
- Interaction
- Turn-taking
ParalinguisticsThornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Longman.
What speakers know?
Extralinguistic knowledge
- Sociocultural knowledge
Linguistic knowledge
- Genre knowledge
- Discourse knowledge
Pragmatic knowledgeThornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Longman.
What speakers know?
Linguistic knowledge
- Grammar
- Vocabulary
- Phonology
Speech conditionsThornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Longman.
Teaching speaking
- Conversational routines
- Styles of speaking
- Functions of speakingRichards, J. C. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking: From Theory to Practice. Cambridge University Press.
Implications for teaching
- Teaching talk as interaction
- Teaching talk as transaction
- Teaching talk as performanceRichards, J. C. (2008). Teaching Listening and Speaking: From Theory to Practice. Cambridge University Press.
Classroom activities to promote speaking
Practice
Kayi, H. (2006). Teaching Speaking Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. The Internet TESL Journal, 12(11), University of Nevada.
Classroom activities to promote speaking
Practice
Kayi, H. (2006). Teaching Speaking Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. The Internet TESL Journal, 12(11), University of Nevada.
Planning and assessing speaking
Evaluating performance on speaking activities
Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Longman.